Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioural Group Therapy in Managing Depression and Anxiety among Single Mothers: A Single Group Pre-Test-Post-test Study
Keywords:
Single mothers, anxiety, depression, CBT, group therapy modelAbstract
Single mothers are more prone to episodes of depression, higher levels of chronic stress, and lower perception of social support, social involvement and frequency of contact with friends and family. Considering the different results of cognitive-behavioral group therapy (CBT) in cases of stress, anxiety and depression in adults, and the equivalence of results between individual and group CBT in the aforementioned studies, positive and significant results are expected in the specific sample of single mothers. This research, aimed to evaluate the effects of CBT on single mothers with anxiety and depression, was single group pretest-posttest design and used only an experimental group. Patients (N=18) who visited Psychiatry OPD and diagnosed with Anxiety and Depression, were recruited on the basis of inclusion criteria for this study. Basic clincal history and demographic data of each participant was taken, and Beck’s Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) and Beck’s Anxiety Inventory II (BAI-II) were administered. The results of paired t-test values indicated a significant result for both depression (t = 4.177, p < 0.01) and anxiety (t = 10.118, p < 0.01) scores which provided the evidence that Group-CBT is an effective treatment method for reducing anxiety and depressive symptoms of single mothers. The findings of the present study could be implied for educating individuals about anxiety and depressive symptoms, risk factors, and negative effects. CBT techniques can equiped them with skills to alleviate their anxiety and depressive problems.
References
American Psychiatric Association. (2010). Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients with Major Depressive Disorder. American Psychiatric Association. Available from: http://psychiatryonline.org/content.aspx?bookid=28§ionid=1667485 .
Ammerman, R. T., Putnam, F. W., Stevens, J., Bosse, N. R., Short, J. A., Bodley, A. L., & Van Ginkel, J. B. (2011). An Open Trial of In-Home CBT for Depressed Mothers in Home Visitation. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 15(8), 1333–1341. doi:10.1007/s10995-010-0691-7.
Beck AT, Steer RA, Brown GK. (1996). Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory-II. San Antonio: Psychological Corporation.
Cairney, J., Boyle, M., Offord, D. R., & Racine, Y. (2003). Stress, social support and depression in single and married mothers. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 38(8), 442–449. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-003-0661-0
Cairney, J., Boyle, M., Offord, D. R., & Racine, Y. (2003). Stress, social support and depression in single and married mothers. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 38, 442-449.
Fennell M. (2012). Cognitive behaviour therapy for depressive disorders. In: Gelder M, Andreasen N, Lopez-Ibor J, Geddes J, editors. New Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 1304–12. [Google Scholar]
Hofecker-Fallahpour, M., Riecher-Rossler, A. (2005). Group Psychotherapy for depression in early stages of motherhood. In A. Riecher-Rossler & M. Steiner (Orgs). Perinatal stress, mood and anxiety disorders: From bench to bedside (167-181). Karger Publishers.
Jewell, C., Wittkowski, A., Collinge, S. et al. (2022). A Brief Cognitive Behavioural Intervention for Parents of Anxious Children: Feasibility and Acceptability Study. Child Youth Care Forum. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10566-022-09704-x
Jeyanantham K, Kotecha D, Thanki D, Dekker R, Lane DA. (2017). Effects of cognitive behavioural therapy for depression in heart failure patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Heart Fail Rev.,22(6):731–41.
Kaczkurkin, A.N. & Foa, E.B. (2015). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders: an update on the empirical evidence. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 17(3):337-46. doi: 10.31887/DCNS.2015.17.3/akaczkurkin. PMID: 26487814; PMCID: PMC4610618
Khoshbooii, R., Hassan, S.A., Deylami, N., Muhamad, R., Engku Kamarudin, E.M., Alareqe, N.A. (2021). Effects of Group and Individual Culturally Adapted Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Depression and Sexual Satisfaction among Perimenopausal Women. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 18(14):7711. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18147711. PMID: 34300161; PMCID: PMC8303550
Meier, A., Musick, K., Flood, S., & Dunifon, R. (2016). Mothering Experiences: How Single Parenthood and Employment Structure the Emotional Valence of Parenting. Demography, 53(3), 649–674. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-016-0474-x
Mohamadian F, Bagheri M, Hashemi MS, Komeili Sani H. (2018). The Effects of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Depression and Anxiety among Patients with Thalassemia: a Randomized Controlled Trial. J Caring Sci. 7(4):219-224. doi: 10.15171/jcs.2018.033. PMID: 30607363; PMCID: PMC6311627
Moore, L. M., Carr, A., & Hartnett, D. (2017). Does Group CBT for Depression Do What It Says on the Tin? A Systemic Review and Meta-analysis of Group CBT for Depressed Adults (2000–2016). Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 47(3), 141–152. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10879-016-9351-6
Sahranavard S, Esmaeili A, Salehiniya H, Behdani S. (2019). The effectiveness of group training of cognitive behavioral therapy-based stress management on anxiety, hardiness and self-efficacy in female medical students. J Educ Health Promot. 8:49. doi: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_327_18. PMID: 30993142; PMCID: PMC6432834.
Schetter C.D., Tanner L. (2012). Anxiety, depression and stress in pregnancy: implications for mothers, children, research, and practice. Curr Opin Psychiatr. 25(2):141–148. doi: 10.1097/YCO.0b013e3283503680
Talaei A, Kimiaei SA, Borhani Moghani M, Moharreri F,Talaei A, Khanghaei R. (2014). Effectiveness of group cognitivebehavioral therapy on depression in infertile women. IranJ Obstet Gynecol Infertil, 17: 1–9
Theodoritsi, I., Daliana, N., Antoniou, A. S. (2018). The mental health of single-parent families in relation to psychological, societal and financial parameters. In T. K. Babalis, Y. Xanthacou & M. Kaila (Orgs). Single-parenting in the 21st Century: Perceptions, issues and implications (77-93). Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
Van Lieshout, R. J., Yang, L., Haber, E., & Ferro, M. A. (2017). Evaluating the effectiveness of a brief group cognitive behavioural therapy intervention for perinatal depression. Archives of Women’s Mental Health, 20(1), 225–228. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-016-0666-9
Villosillo-Balbuena, J. R. (2022). Stress and Coping Mechanisms of Single Parents: Their Relationship. International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Studies, 2(4), 60. eISSN: 2799-0664
Zhang B, Ding X, Lu W, Zhao J, Lv Q, Yi Z, Zhang S, Chen Y. (2016). Effect of group cognitive-behavioral therapy on the quality of life and social functioning of patients with mild depression. Shanghai Arch Psychiatry. 28(1):18-27. doi: 10.11919/j.issn.1002-0829.215116. PMID: 27688640; PMCID: PMC4984610.
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Indian Journal of Clinical Psychology
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
